i'll go unorthodox and throw out some words you can google:
cryptography: cryptographic hash, salt, one time pad, one way funciton, brute force attack, dictionary attack, rainbow tables
if you're using windows i recommend you get cain and able and play with it
firewalls: not too learned in this but i know of hardware and software firewalls
protecting/accessing data: dunno about this but check out truecrypt
DOS: ddos, ping, ping of death(historical reference

) i think LOIC is probably worth looking into
If you need any help with Java, give me a shout, though my personal preference would be to expand your programming language vocab as soon as you get comfy. I went from self taught C++ to a year of Java at uni, dive back into C++ and it was terrifying, but then again, i'm still a bit of a newbie, so take with a grain of salt
-- Wed Jan 18, 2012 2:26 am --
i'll go unorthodox and throw out some words you can google:
cryptography: cryptographic hash, salt, one time pad, one way funciton, brute force attack, dictionary attack, rainbow tables
if you're using windows i recommend you get cain and able and play with it
firewalls: not too learned in this but i know of hardware and software firewalls
protecting/accessing data: dunno about this but check out truecrypt
DOS: ddos, ping, ping of death(historical reference

) i think LOIC is probably worth looking into
If you need any help with Java, give me a shout, though my personal preference would be to expand your programming language vocab as soon as you get comfy. I went from self taught C++ to a year of Java at uni, dive back into C++ and it was terrifying, but then again, i'm still a bit of a newbie, so take with a grain of salt